Top 10 List of Generic Antibiotics, their uses,common and serious side effects and Important warning.
 |
| Antibiotic |
- Amoxicillin/clavulanate (class:Penicillin)
- Doxycycline (class: tetracycline)
- Cephalexin (class: cephalosporin)
- Ciprofloxacin (class: fluoroquinolone)
- Clindamycin (class: lincomycin)
- Metronidazole (class: nitroimidazole)
- Azithromycin (class: Macrolid )
- Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (class: Sulfonamides)
- Levofloxacin (class: fluoroquinolone )
- Gentamicin (class: Aminoglycoside)
Amoxicillin is an antibiotic. It’s used to treat infections caused by certain types of bacteria.
It will not work for viral infections (such as common cold, flu)
Uses of Amoxicillin
Amoxicillin is used to treat many different types of infection caused by bacteria such as;
- Tonsillitis,
- Bronchitis,
- Pneumonia,
- Gonorrhea,
- Infections of the ear, nose, throat, skin, or urinary tract.and
- Amoxicillin is also used with other medications to treat stomach/intestinal ulcers caused by the bacteria H. pylori and to prevent the ulcers from returning.
common side effects are
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Rash
- Upset stomach
- Yeast infection
- Chest pain
- Difficulty breathing
- A peeling or blistering rash
- Severe or bloody diarrhea
- Severe rash
- Yellowing of the skin or eyes (jaundice)
- Unusual bleeding or bruising
- Hives
- Seizure
- Excessive tiredness
- Swelling of the face, lips, or tongue
- Hypersensitivity reactions. Symptoms can include:
- flu-like symptoms, such as fever, body aches, or sore throat
- A painful red or purple rash that spreads blisters that could cause the skin to break down and cause open sores
- Liver damage. This effect is rare. Symptoms can include:
- Increased liver enzymes shown on a blood test
- Pain in the abdomen (stomach area)
Important warnings
Finishing therapy: It’s important to finish the entire course of treatment as prescribed by your doctor.
Do not stop taking this drug or skip doses if you start to feel better.
This could cause your infection to last longer.You could also develop a resistance to the medication.
This means that if you get a bacterial infection in the future, you may not be able to treat it with amoxicillin.
2.Doxycycline
Doxycycline oral tablet is used to treat infections and severe acne. It’s also used to prevent malaria.
Uses
Doxycycline is used to treat many different bacterial infections, such as
- Acne,
- Urinary tract infections,
- Intestinal infections,
- Eye infections, gonorrhea,
- Chlamydia,
- Periodontitis (gum disease), and others.
Doxycycline is also used to treat blemishes, bumps, and acne-like lesions caused by rosacea. It will not treat facial redness caused by rosacea.
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Rash
- Sensitivity to the sun
- Hives
- Temporary discoloring of adult teeth (goes away with dentist cleaning after the drug is stopped)
diarrhea, Symptoms can include:
- fever
- dehydration
- loss of appetite
- weight loss
- severe diarrhea
- bloody diarrhea
- stomach cramping and pain
- headache
- blurry vision
- vision loss
- burning or pain in your chest
- Anemia
- blisters
- peeling skin
- a rash of small purple spots
Intracranial hypertension warning:
This drug may cause intracranial hypertension, or high blood pressure inside your skull.
Symptoms may include headache, blurry vision, double vision, and vision loss.
Tell your doctor right away if you have these symptoms. You may also have swelling inside of your eyes.
Women of childbearing age who are overweight have a higher risk of this condition. If you’ve had intracranial hypertension before, your risk is also higher.
3.Cephalexin
Cephalexin, an antibiotic in the cephalosporin family, is used to treat infections caused by bacteria.
Uses
Cephalexin is used to treat
- urinary tract infections (UTI).
- respiratory tract infections
- otitis media (middle ear infections)
- skin and skin structure infections
- bone infections
- genitourinary (urinary tract) infections
common side effects
- irritation or inflammation of your stomach lining
- stomach pain
- diarrhea
- indigestion
Allergic reactions. Symptoms can include:
- hives
- swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat
- trouble breathing
- Rash
- Swelling under the skin
- Itching
- Throat swelling
- Wheezing and
Warnings
Pregnancy:
This medication should not be used during pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the risks.
If you become pregnant while taking this medication, contact your doctor immediately.
Breast-feeding:
This medication passes into breast milk.
If you are a breast-feeding mother and are taking cephalexin, it may affect your baby. Talk to your doctor about whether you should continue breast-feeding.
For people with kidney problems:
If you have kidney problems or a history of kidney disease, you may not be able to clear this drug from your body.
This may increase the levels of this drug in your body and cause more side effects.
Your doctor may adjust your dose if you have kidney disease. Talk to your doctor about whether this drug is safe for you.
4.Ciprofloxacin
Ciprofloxacin is an antibacterial prescription medicine approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment and prevention of certain bacterial infections
Uses
It is used to treat certain bacterial infections including;- Intra-abdominal infections
- Kidney infections in children
- Acute sinus infections
- Infectious diarrhea
- Typhoid fever
- Gonorrhea
- Plague
- Anthra
- Urinary tract infections
- Lower respiratory tract infections
- Skin infections
- Bone and joint infections
common side effects
- pain at the injection site (injection form)
- rash (injection form)
- ringing in the ears
- stomach discomfort or gas
- sweating
- trouble sleeping
- vomiting
- dizziness
- general feeling of being unwell
- increased skin sensitivity to the sun
- loss of appetite
- mild diarrhea
- nausea
- irregular or fast heart rate
- joint pain
- migraine
- muscle pain
- numbness or burning, tingling pain
- pain, inflammation, or swelling in the shoulders, hands, or calves of legs
- pain, swelling, or rupture of a tendon
- severe abdominal or stomach cramps or pain
- signs of depression (e.g., poor concentration, changes in weight, changes in sleep, decreased interest in activities, thoughts of suicide)
- signs of liver problems (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, dark urine, pale stools)
- symptoms of high blood sugar (e.g., frequent urination, increased thirst, excessive eating, unexplained weight loss, poor wound healing, infections, fruity breath odour)
- symptoms of low blood sugar (e.g., cold sweat, cool pale skin, headache, fast heartbeat, weakness)
- Sun sensitivity: People who take ciprofloxacin are more likely to experience sunburn. Avoid exposure to excessive sunlight, including sunlamps and tanning beds. If you must spend time in the sun use sunblock with minimum SPF 15. Talk to your doctor if severe sun sensitivity occurs.
- Tendinitis: Ciprofloxacin may increase the chance of tendon injury, which occurs more commonly for seniors who are also taking corticosteroid medications. If there is any new pain in the tendons, stop taking ciprofloxacin, avoid physical exercise, and consult your doctor.
- Pregnancy: This medication should not be used during pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the risks. If you become pregnant while taking this medication, stop taking it immediately and call your doctor.
- Breast-feeding: This medication passes into breast milk. If you are a breast-feeding mother and are taking ciprofloxacin, it may affect your baby. Talk to your doctor about whether you should continue breast-feeding.
Clindamycin is used to treat a wide variety of bacterial infections. It is an antibiotic that works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
Uses
- Meningitis caused by Streptococcus bacteria
- Bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
- Vaginal infection caused by bacteria
- Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
- Severe middle ear infections (acute otitis media)
- Severe sinus infection caused by bacteria
- Acne
Side effects
common side effects
- Mild rash or itching
- Stomach pain, nausea
- Fever
- Skin problems, such as hives, rash, red, shedding, or peeling skin
- Yellow appearance of the skin, nails, or whites of the eyes (jaundice)
- Vomiting, severe stomach pain, or diarrhea
- Signs of low blood pressure, ranging from dizziness to fainting
- Pain or difficulties when swallowing; pain behind the breastbone; newly developed heartburn or acid regurgitation (signs of inflammation in your esophagus)
- Vein irritation (if you are receiving injections of clindamycin)
- Fever or body aches
- Blisters or swelling in your lips, mouth, eyes, ears, nose, or genital areas
- Signs of abnormal bleeding caused by low blood-clotting cells (thrombocytopenia), such as: easy bruising, red pin-prick spots on the skin, gums bleeding when you brush your teeth
- Abnormal high or low levels of certain white blood cells (eosinophils and granulocytes) showing up in blood tests
WARNINGS
In clinical trials with pregnant women, the systemic administration of clindamycin during the second and third trimesters, has not been associated with an increased frequency of congenital abnormalities.
Clindamycin should be used during the first trimester of pregnancy only if clearly needed.
There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women during the first trimester of pregnancy.
Nursing Mothers
Clindamycin has been reported to appear in breast milk in the range of 0.7 to 3.8 mcg/mL. Because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants, clindamycin should not be taken by nursing mothers.
Metronidazole is an antibiotic, which works by killing bacteria in your body.
Uses
- Metronidazole immediate-release oral tablets are used to treat many infections caused by bacteria or parasites.
- These include infections that occur in the gastrointestinal tract or reproductive system such as
- amebiasis and
- trichomoniasis.
- Metronidazole extended-release oral tablets are used to treat vaginal infections in women.
- Metronidazole may be used as part of a combination therapy. This means you may need to take it with other medications.
Common Side Effects
- Cough, sneezing, or runny nose
- Dry mouth or metallic taste
- Dark or reddish-brown urine
- Mouth or tongue irritation
- Vaginal itching or discharge
- Vomiting
- Mild diarrhea
- Upset stomach
- Loss of appetite
- Dizziness
- Trouble concentrating
- Mood or behavior changes
- Confusion
- Tremors
- Seizures
- Slurred speech
- Stiff neck
- Muscle twitching
- Joint pain
- Signs of an allergic reaction, which may include rash, hives, difficulty breathing, or swelling of the face, lips, tongue, or throat
- Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet
- White patches or sores in the mouth or on the lips
- Painful urination
- Vision problems or pain behind the eyes
- Fever or chills
FDA warnings
Metronidazole oral tablets and capsules have a black box warning. This is the most serious warning from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). A black box warning indicates drug effects that may be dangerous.
Cancer warning: Cancer was found in some animals during testing with metronidazole. There may be a similar risk in humans. Because of this risk, metronidazole should only be used to treat conditions as approved by the FDA.
Usage warning: To reduce the occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria, metronidazole should only be used to treat or prevent infections that are proven or strongly suspected to be caused by bacteria.
7.Azithromycin
Azithromycin is an antibiotic that fights bacteria.
Azithromycin is used to treat many different types of infections caused by bacteria, such as
- respiratory infections,
- skin infections,
- ear infections,and
- sexually transmitted diseases.
common side effects
- Vomiting
- Gas
- Upset stomach
- Vaginal yeast infection
- Dizziness
- Headache
- Rash
- Diarrhea
- Stomach pain
- trouble breathing
- swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat
- hives
- severe skin reactions, such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP), or toxic epidermal necrolysis, which can cause symptoms such as red, blistering skin or skin sloughing (shedding dead skin cells)
- tiredness or weakness
- loss of appetite
- pain in your upper stomach
- dark urine
- yellowing of your skin or the whites of your eyes
- vomiting after eating
- irritability with feeding
- lack of weight gain
Antibiotic-associated diarrhea warning:
Almost all antibiotics, including azithromycin, can cause diarrhea.
It may cause mild diarrhea to severe inflammation of your colon, which can cause death.
Call your doctor if you have severe diarrhea or diarrhea that lasts after you stop taking this drug.
Liver problems warning:
In rare cases, this drug can cause liver problems.
If you already have liver disease, it could make your liver function worse.
Your doctor may need to monitor your liver function. They may do blood tests to check how well your liver is working.
If your liver isn’t working well, your doctor may have you stop taking this drug.
8.Trimethoprim
Uses
It's used to treat water infections, such as
cystitis. bladder infections Pneumocystis pneumonia Occasionally, trimethoprim is used to treat other types of infections, such as chest infections and acne.
Side effects
common side effect
- muscle weakness
- nausea
- skin rash
- stomach cramps or pain
- vomiting
- increased sensitivity to the sun
- itching
- mouth sores
- Signs of bleeding (e.g., bloody nose, blood in urine, coughing blood, cuts that don't stop bleeding)
- signs of infection (symptoms may include fever or chills, severe diarrhea, shortness of breath, prolonged dizziness, headache, stiff neck, weight loss, or listlessness)
- Signs of liver problems (e.g., nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, yellowing of the skin or whites of the eyes, dark urine, pale stools)
- Symptoms of low sodium in the blood (e.g., tiredness, weakness, confusion, achy, stiff, or uncoordinated muscles)
- General feeling of discomfort or illness
- Headache
- Redness, swelling, or soreness of tongue
- Signs of anemia (low red blood cells; e.g., pale skin, unusual tiredness or weakness)
- Unusual tiredness or weakness
warnings
Pregnancy: When trimethoprim is taken during pregnancy, it crosses the placenta and may affect the unborn baby. This medication should not be used during pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the risks. If you become pregnant while taking this medication, contact your doctor immediately.
Breast-feeding: This medication passes into breast milk. If you are a breast-feeding mother and are taking trimethoprim, it may affect your baby. Talk to your doctor about whether you should continue breast-feeding.
9.Gentamicin
This medication is used to prevent or treat a wide variety of bacterial infections.It works by stopping the growth of bacteria.
Uses
used to treat several types of bacterial infections. This may include
- bone infections,
- endocarditis,
- pelvic inflammatory disease,
- meningitis,
- pneumonia,
- urinary tract infections,
- and sepsis among others.
SIDE EFFECTS
Common side effects of gentamicin include:
- Kidney damage (decreased CrCl)
- Kidney damage if trough greater than 2 mg/L
- Swelling (edema)
- Rash
- Itching
- Stomach upset
- Injection site reactions (pain, irritation, and redness)
- Neurotoxicity (spinning sensation [vertigo], loss of control of bodily movements)
- Gait instability
- Ototoxicity (auditory, vestibular)
- Hearing loss
- Dizziness
- An unusual decrease in the amount of urine while using gentamicin injection
- Ringing or roaring sounds in the ear
- Low blood counts
- Allergic responses
- Neuromuscular problems
- Nerve damage
- Kidney damage (nephrotoxicity)
- Ear disorders (ototoxicity)
Warnings
Pregnancy
Gentamicin is not recommended in pregnancy unless the benefits outweigh the risks for the mother.
Gentamicin can cross the placenta and several reports of irreversible bilateral congenital deafness in children have been seen.
Intramuscular injection of gentamicin in mothers can cause muscle weakness in the newborn
breastfeeding
Gentamicin enters breast milk; use with caution if breastfeeding
Pediatrics
Gentamicin may not be appropriate to use in children, including newborns and infants.
Studies have shown higher serum levels and a longer half-life in this population.
Check renal function periodically during therapy. Hypocalcemia, hypokalemia, and muscle weakness have been reported after gentamicin injection.[
 |
| Antibiotic |
BE SAFE AND HEALTHY
Antidepressants List,With side effects and Mechanism
No comments:
Post a Comment