What is diabetes?
- Diabetes is a hormone-related disease. If the pancreas does not produce enough insulin in the body, or if the body fails to use insulin to produce it, then the disease is called 'diabetes'
- Due to the excessive presence of sugar in the blood, some discrepancies arise, such as frequent urination, frequent hunger, excessive thirst, etc. The main cause of this disease is insulin deficiency.
- Insulin is a pancreatic hormone, with the help of body cells able to take glucose from the blood and use it for energy.
- If there is no one or both of the insulin production or can not function properly, then blood glucose increases. And if it is not controlled, then there are various complications occurs in body tissues and different organs.
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| DIABETES |
Types of diabetes
Type 1:
- In this disease, pancreatic insulin emitting cells are destroyed. So, those who have type-1, insulin production is very low in their body. For this, patients need to take insulin injection or insulin pumps to survive. There are more such disagreements between children and young people.
Type 2:
- Typically 90% of people are infected with type 2 diabetes. In this case, pancreatic cells can emit insulin, but they can not function properly, that is, the body can not convert glucose into energy. As a result, the amount of glucose in the body increased day by day. It is called Insulin Resistance. The disease usually occurs after 40 years or so.
Others
- During pregnancy, women have a type of diabetes called gestational diabetes. Pregnancy diabetes increases the risk of both the mother and the baby.
- If diabetes is not regulated, abortion, child mortality, birth defects of the child, excess weight of the child, infant mortality and complications of birth can occur. In later life, she is more likely to have diabetes than others.
The correct level of glucose in the body
- Normally, the amount of glucose in the blood plasma (at least 12 hours starvation) is less than 6.1 ml and less than 7.8 ml after 2 hours of a meal or 2 hours after eating 75 grams of glucose, the amount of glucose in the blood plasma is less than 11.1 milli mol. More than that, one can be sure that a person has diabetes.
Common symptoms of diabetes
- Frequently got hunger
- Tired of doing little work
- Lack of energy in the body
- Lots of water and water-thirsty
- Frequent urination or urine
- Suddenly the weight is too high or too low
- Blinking eyes.
- Tongue drying
- Gourd itching
- Take a long time to dry the cut wounds
The causes of diabetes
Anyone at any age can be infected with diabetes at any time. But the following people are more likely to be diabetic -- Those who have a related family of diabetes, especially the parents or blood.
- Those who have a lot of weight and do not do any work of exercise or physical work.
- Those who have used cortisol drugs for a long time.
- Women who had diabetes during pregnancy, or who have Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.
- Those who have blood pressure and cholesterol in the blood is high.
Diabetes complications
- Due to diabetes, there are various complications of the body gradually, as long as the amount of glucose in the blood is uncontrolled, the complications continue to increase.
- Which sometimes causes death. Among them, the problem of heart disease, neuropathy or kidney failure, loss of eye retina and blindness, etc.
- There is also another panic for a diabetic patient is foot ulcers and diabetic patients, which can sometimes result in cutting off the patient's legs. Dermatology, hearing problems, depression, etc.
- Dangers can be dangerous even if the amount of glucose in the blood decreases rapidly. Excessive sweating, dizziness, dark eyes in sight, seizures can even lead to death if it is not treated at the right time.
Treatment of diabetes
- Depending on what type of diabetes, diabetes can be controlled by regular cheek blood glucose levels, mouth-eating medication, insulin, etc. Dieting and regular walking or exercise are an important part of diabetes treatment.
- It is important to add more fiber foods to the food list and to leave sugar and sweet foods. Diabetes patients are advised to practice eating habits less often and not eating more every single time.
How to prevent diabetes?
- Physical labor and regular walking or exercising, which helps control glucose levels in weight and blood.
- Consumption of more fiber foods such as fruits, vegetables, etc. in the food list.
- Grains such as wheat, maize, barley, etc. or foods made from these foods such as bread or pesticide help control glucose levels in the blood.
- Keep weight in control. It not only helps prevent diabetes, but also many other diseases such as heart disease, high blood pressure, sleep apnea, etc.
- Diet to remove sugar or fat foods or keep them small.
- In addition to following these guidelines, those who have diabetes with relatives or who have blood-related relationships, after 45 years of age, can consult the regular doctor for diabetes. If there is excess weight even before the age of 45, then that person can also be tested.
Some common Diagnosis
Type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed:
- Glycated Hemoglobin (A1C) test: This blood test indicates your average blood glucose level for the last two to three months. The normal level is less than 5.7 percent, and the result between 5.7 and 6.4 percent is considered prebiotic. Having A1C level 6.5 percent or more on two different tests means that you have diabetes.
- Random Blood Sugar Test: Blood sugar is expressed in the value per deciliter (mg/dl) or millimole per liter (mmol / l). Even when you last time, even a blood sample indicates that your blood glucose level is 200 mg / dL (11.1 mmol / L) or indicates higher diabetes, especially if you have diabetes symptoms and symptoms, Like frequent urination and excessive thirst.
- Fasting blood sugar test: Blood samples are taken after the fasting of the night. Less reading less than 100 mg / dL (5.6 mmol / L) is normal. The level of 100 to 125 mg/dl (5.6 to 6.9 mmol / L) is considered prediabetes.
- If your fasting blood sugar is high in 126 mg / dL (7 mmol / L) or two different tests, then you have diabetes.
- Oral glucose tolerance test: This test is used less during pregnancy than others. You have to fast during the night and then have to drink a sweet liquid in the doctor's office. Blood glucose levels are tested from time to time for the next two hours.
- The level of blood glucose is less than 140 mg / dL (7.8 mmol / L). Indicates a reading predetermine between 140 and 199 mg / dL (7.8 mmol / L and 11.0 mmol / L). After two hours, diabetes is diagnosed with 200 mg / dl (11.1 mmol / L) or higher reading.
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| Diabetes Drug |
Insulin
- Insulin is the most common type of medicine that is used in the treatment of type 1 diabetes.
Ex: Regular insulin (humulin and novolin)
Medicines for type 2 diabetes
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitor
- Ex: For best results, you should take these medicines before meals. These drugs include:
Ex; Acarbose (Precose)
Miglitol (glysat)
Biguanides
Ex:
- Metformin-alogliptin (casano)
- Metformin-canangliflosine (invocamet)
- Metformin-dapgliflosine (Zigdu Exo)
- Metformin-amplglifluenzine (cenzardi)
- Metformin-glipizide
Dopamine agonist
Ex:
- Bromocriptine (Cycloset) is a dopamine agonist.
DPP-4 Blocker
Ex:
- Allogliptin (Nesina)
- Alloglyphine-metformin (casano)
- Allogliptin-PioGlitazone (Oceany)
- Linegliptin (tragedy)
- linagliptin-empagliflozin
Like glucagon, peptides
Ex:
- Albiglutide (Tanzium)
- Dulaglutide (trinity)
Sodium Glucose Transporter (SGLT) 2 Blocker
Ex:
- Dapagliflosine (farsica)
- Dapagliflosine-metformin (zigdu expo)
- Canangliflosine (inocana)
- Canangliflosine-metformin (invocamet)
- Empagliflozen (jordan)
Thanks to all
Good job
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