What is Dengue fever? Symptoms, diagnose, Methodology, treatment and prevention.

 Dengue fever:

·         Dengue fever is a type of acute fever caused by the virus. The fever carrier Aedes mosquito. Aedes mosquitoes carry the dengue virus. Dengue fever is a tropical disease caused by an Aedes mosquito.

·         Dengue patients usually get cured between two to seven days. In some cases, the disease can take the form of a fatal hemorrhage called dengue hemorrhagic fever. sometimes dengue shock syndrome occurs. Blood pressure is dangerously low in dengue shock syndrome.

 

 Aedes mosquito

·         Some species of Aedes mosquitoes (wife mosquitoes) are the main carriers of the dengue virus. Among these, Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main cause.

·         There are five serotypes of the virus. When a serotype of the virus is transmitted, the patient gains lifetime immunity against that serotype but gains temporary immunity against a different serotype.

·         Later, if a different serotype dengue virus is infected, the patient may have serious complications. Dengue fever can be diagnosed with certain types of tests, such as the presence of the virus or its RNA-resistant antibody.

·         Dengue fever vaccine has been approved in some countries, but this vaccine is only effective for those who have been infected once. For this, it is necessary to remove the water that is covered in various bases suitable for Aedes mosquito breeding, such as cups, tubs, tires, dubs, holes, roofs.

·         If you have dengue fever, you need to take a full rest and eat more fluids. Paracetamol is given to reduce fever. If you have dengue fever, no antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used, which increases the risk of bleeding.

·         Dengue has become a global disaster in the aftermath of World War II. Dengue outbreaks occur in more than 110 countries including Asia, South America, and other continents. Every year five million people are infected with dengue, and between ten and twenty thousand die. The first mention of dengue was found in 1779. Dengue virus sources and infections are known in the early part of the 20th century. Vaccination is currently the main way to prevent dengue. Research into the invention of drugs directly targeting the dengue virus is underway. The World Health Organization has identified dengue as one of twenty neglected tropical diseases.

The two main types of this disease are:

1. No Symptoms (asymptomatic)

2. There are symptomatic (symptomatic)

When it comes to Symptoms, it can come in four ways:

• Undifferentiated fever
• Dengue fever with or without hemorrhage
• Dengue hemorrhagic fever
• Dengue shock syndrome

What problems does it make?

Acute fever

• Acute fever (fever usually occurs within 4-10 days after the virus enters the body). The fever subsided for a few days, and again after 2-3 days. This type of fever is called saddleback or biphasic fever.

 Severe pain

• Severe pain To say this, pain in the flesh, headaches, backache, pain in the knee, pain in the bone, this pain is a little higher so it is called breakbone fever.

 Severe headache

• Severe headache if dengue attacks as well as pain in the inside of the eye. Headache is one of the leading Symptom of dengue disease.

 Rash

• A reddish rash is seen throughout the body from one to two days after fever. The eyes of the victim are pale and the skin looks quite dry.

 Nausea

• Dengue causes nausea, sometimes even vomiting. The patient feels extra tired and his interest diminishes.

 The upper ones are usually undifferentiated or classical or common dengue fever. After a few days, the fever subsided.

But if the fever goes from ordinary to extraordinary then-

• Two to five days after the fever will develop a red rash (petechiae, purpura, ecchymosis)

• Nasal bleeding, bleeding with gums, redness under the skin with little pressure or injury (easy bruising). If there is more serious, hematemesis, melaena, Menstrual bleeding is more common in women. If more serious can develop multiple organ failure due to bleeding and shock to the internal organ. Especially cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral edema, encephalitis can develop, which is one of the leading causes of death in this disease! Although the mortality rate of this disease is 1% or less!

• Symptoms shown in above mean decreased blood platelet. This condition is called dengue critical period. And Dengue hemorrhagic fever develops during this critical period, and this hemorrhage becomes too much when there is a circulatory failure and the features of the shock develop then it is called Dengue Shock Syndrome.

How do I diagnose the disease?

• The test that can be diagnosed with dengue on the first day of fever is the NS1 (nonstructural protein 1) antigen test.

• It takes 5 or more days for the body to make an antibody against dengue fever, after which time the anti-dengue antibody (IgG, IgM) can be tested.

•  Also get CBC, where thrombocytopenia. Platelet count can decline very quickly and one of the deadliest symptoms of dengue is platelet count decline, as well as leukocytes.

• Dengue virus can directly attack the hepatocyte of the liver and cause mild hepatitis. So we can get hepatomegaly in the examination, and SGPT, SGOT can get more.

 Methodology

 Aedes mosquito

When a mosquito carrying a dengue virus bites someone, the virus enters the skin through the saliva. It ripens residues and enters the white blood cells, and when cells move throughout the body, the virus continues to reproduce inside them. In response, white blood cells produce several signaling proteins, such as interferon, which are responsible for many symptoms, such as fever, flu-like symptoms, and severe pain. In severe infections, the production of viruses inside the body increases, and many organisms (such as the liver and bone marrow) can be damaged, and fluid from the bloodstream flows from the walls of the small blood vessels to the body. As a result, less blood is circulated in the arteries and blood pressure is reduced so much that there is not enough blood supply to the required organs. Also, bone marrow function reduces the number of platelets or platelets that are required for effective blood transfusion; It increases the chances of bleeding, which is one of the major problems of dengue fever.

 What will be the treatment?

Full rest

• Only paracetamol for fever. Wipe the body and cool it. (An aspirin drug can never be given to reduce fever; if the platelet is reduced, children with aspirin may develop Reyes syndrome.

 Eat plenty of fluids

• The patient has dehydration due to fever, so eat plenty of fluids. And if a patient develops hypovolemia or shock, IV Fluid (normal saline) should be given on hospitalized.

 platelet transfusion

• If platelet count decreases, platelet transfusion has to be done

How to prevent dengue fever?

• There is no recognized vaccine for the dengue virus. Therefore, prevention depends on the control of germicidal mosquitoes and the protection of its bites.

• The primary method of controlling A. aegypti is to destroy its growth environment. Spraying with organophosphate or pyrethroid is not considered very economical, either by emptying water basins or applying pesticides or by using biological control agents in these areas

• People can avoid mosquito bites after wearing a full body cover, using mosquitoes at rest, and/or applying insect repellent chemicals (most commonly DEET.

Thanks for visiting sideeffectofdrug.blogspot.com